Extreme environments involving superheated, nuclear-ionization radiations or electron gas interactions with materials lead to challenging problems in understanding material response. While experimental studies are not straightforward, mathematical models and computer simulations can provide important insights. Finding engineering solutions to such problems are of interest. Some of the emerging applications in near future are in hypersonic flight vehicles, laser and x-ray based diagnostics and dynamic response mitigation in materials, deep-space structures, fusion reactor structures and geothermal energy harvesting structures.
